Influence of Nostalgia on the Concept of Ideal World Essay

Influence of Nostalgia on the Concept of Ideal World - Essay Example To present an influence of Nostalgia on the concept of Ideal World it is very important to have a comprehensive understanding of the word Nostalgia. Nostalgia refers to the sweet memories which an individual would want to relive all over again. The Nostalgic concept in Paradise lost is based around the lives of Adam and Eve.. Eve was the first to eat the forbidden fruit and Adam committed a bigger sin by following in the footsteps of Eve. When they quarreled over small things they realized that things had changed after the consumption of the forbidden fruit. God decides to expel Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden. Adam then goes on an expedition with an angel to know how the world is like. He finds suffering in the world and becomes nostalgic to the moments he spent with Eve in the Garden of Eden. "To satisfy the sharp desire I had Of tasting those fair apples, I resolv'd Not to defer; hunger and thirst at once Powerful persuaders, quicken'd at the scent Of that alluring fruit, urg ed me so keen." (Browse Authors, 21 October 2008). The quote goes to show the implications of the actions taken by Adam, in spite of the warning he chose to taste the forbidden fruit. As a result of the same, he was expelled from the Garden of Eden where he experienced all the comforts and luxuries.

How Social Production Transforms Markets and Free

How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom Essay In the book â€Å" The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom† by Yochai Benkler, he discussed the diversity of network and its impact to different aspects of society. Benklers discussed that technology is a big part of the development that had occurred. Technology is a tool used to a more effective communication. Media today uses these technologies to provide assurance that the message is delivered to the people. Internet has become a fast growing form of information source and communication tool. With this expansion comes its effect of distributing the main structure of producing and allocating information, culture and knowledge. Information is just a click away. This became a common source of reference whenever one wants to know something. This is said to be an open source to the public. In the process of acquiring this information, the most of the intelligence and effort shared by the author has the potential of being reused due to exposure. The complex network enables to diffuse the core information and be used by other as their own. Because of these economic characteristics, the mass-media model of information and cultural production and transmission became the dominant form of public communication in the twentieth century. Equally important is the example of the news media: fair use is healthy and vigorous in daily broadcast television, where references to popular films, classic TV programs, archival images, and popular songs are constant and routinely unlicensed. Internet is now on its constant development and through this communication is possible no matter how distant it is. The property right at issue is almost entirely a matter of respecting the authorship of the original work with the use of open source code, no less than with scholarly work. This sense of propriety, however, operates with a rigor in scholarship that exceeds the bounds of copyright law. Copyright only protects the author’s expression and wording of an idea from being used by another beyond the realm of fair use. By means of this, the author’s original idea can be protected and assured that his name will be credited when his work was used. The other issue that Benkler stated that the Media is also an open source where there is a distribution of new knowledge which we may apply to our culture and social traits as individuals. These have little impacts in small daily activities as we cannot notice, which at some point we may see that we had changed eventually. Some values that had been perceived are caused by these emerging networks. Since this had also been an environment to us and we need to adapt to these changes. Cultural production in the form of the networked information economy offers individuals a greater participatory role in making the culture they occupy and makes the culture more transparent to its inhabitants. On my understanding, it is true that advancement in these aspects is also giving development on human meaning and communication. Wide network can provide the potential for better human welfare and development and freedom. Human perception is perceived and improved constantly. We can also observe that most of us rely on computers. We can practice skills and acquire additional knowledge through this wide scope of information that is open to the public. Whether how small the task is, it still contributes to one’s personal enhancement through technological experience. This provides us a more complex human development. Another optimism of Benkler which I agree is that because of enhanced technology and wide network of information, we practice and shape the freedom in the society. This has impact on the modern liberal society. Changes in the technological, economic, and social affordances of the networked information environment affect a series of core commitments of a wide range of liberal democracies. Benklers’ optimism towards these changes is in accord to my opinion. Accessibility of media is not a problem anymore. Proliferation of networks has provided the industry, culture and social contributions to the changing society. Because of technological advancement and network expansion, our jobs became easier and more efficient. Also, with the new invented tools and equipment, we can do things we only imagine that would be possible. But with this progress comes with the disadvantages of the complex network that is still extending. One is the exposure of information where it can be abused by the users. They can use them and not acknowledge the author. In this issue, the end user takes the credit of the idea which is not his. This common crime happens commonly on the use of the internet. References: Benkler,Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom. (2005) Documentary Filmmakers Statement of Best Practices in Fair Use. (2005). www. centerforsocialmedia. org/fairuse. htm Willinsky, John. The Unacknowledged Convergence Of Open Source, Open Access, and Open Science. First Monday. (July 2005) www. firstmonday. org/issues/issue10_8/willinsky/

The Zone Diet Versus the Atkins Diet Essay -- Health Nutrition Diet Ex

The Zone and Atkins diets aim to achieve lower levels of insulin in the bloodstream. The Zone diet reduces carbohydrates by structuring calorie intake to a 40% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 30% fat ratio. The ratio decreases the amount of carbohydrates consumed, inturn lowering overall insulin levels. The Atkins diet also lowers insulin levels by lowering the quantity of carbohydrates ingested. This four phase diet begins with extreme limitation and gradually allows small amounts of carbohydrates. Though these diets implement different approaches they both reduce the insulin levels in the bloodstream. The Zone diet’s main concern is a lifelong optimization of the body’s metabolic function by regulation of levels of insulin in the bloodstream. These insulin levels are largely affected by the types of food consumed. Studies have shown that the consumption of foods high in carbohydrates lead to an increased level of insulin in the bloodstream. This increase in insulin levels is believed to lead to increased hunger and possibly obesity. In order to decrease the levels of insulin in the bloodstream, the Zone diet follows a strict formula of types and amount of food ingested. This one phase diet follows the notion that a diet should have a balance and avoid ketosis, or causing the body to think it is starving. This balance limits meals to a 40-30-30 composition. 40-30-30 means that 40 percent of a meal’s calories should be fiber rich carbohydrates, 30 percent should be low-fat protein, and 30 percent should be fats. Contrary to the Food Pyramid, the Z one diet decreases the amount of carbohydrates and increases the amount of protein. This decrease in carbohydrates lowers the levels of insulin and alth... ... The Zone and Atkins diets share the same main goal to regulate insulin levels in the bloodstream. Each has a unique way of achieving this goal. The Zone diet focuses on a strict calorie intake breakdown of 40% carbohydrates, 30% protein, and 30% fats. This structure of calorie consumption causes a decrease in the amount of carbohydrates ingested. The diet is not only strict in the proportions of the types of food consumed but also requires six precisely spaced Zone meals throughout the day. The Zone diet requires close adherence to guidelines, but the Atkins diet is in ways more flexible. The Atkins diet begins with an extreme limitation of carbohydrates and gradually allows small quantities, but has no other restrictions. Through balance or severe limitation of carbohydrates, the Zone and Atkins diets aim to reduce large insulin levels in the bloodstream.

Development Of A Surface Runoff Prediction Model Environmental Sciences Essay

The on-going enlargement of urbanised countries has placed increasing accent on related H2O direction jobs such as implosion therapy and pollution control. Urbanization increases the imperviable land country in a part, which in bend, decreases infiltration, increases overflow, and decreases the clip during which overflow occurs. Liu et al. , ( 2004 ) stated that as a watershed becomes more developed, it besides becomes more hydrologically active and in so making, changes the inundation volume, overflow constituents every bit good as the beginning of watercourse flow. The consequence is that inundations that one time occurred infrequently during the pre-development periods frequently become more frequent and more terrible due to the transmutation of the watershed from rural to urban land utilizations. Previous research has besides shown that urbanisation and the addition in imperviable surfaces increases peak discharge ( Ferguson and Suckling 1990 ; Booth and Jackson 1997 ) . Galster et al. , ( 2006 ) examined the effects of imperviable surfaces within urbanised landscapes on river discharge within drainage countries and found it to be nonlinear for extremum flows in little urbanised countries. The survey was conducted in two immediate and physically similar water partings in east-central Pennsylvania but which had different per centum urban land usage ( 20 % and 3 % severally ) , and tested the premise that discharge exhibits a additive or close additive relationship with drainage country ( hundred ~ 1 ) for an urbanised water parting. Linear grading of discharge with drainage country has the deduction that all parts of the drainage basin contribute about the same volume of H2O at about the same rate as either overflow or as recharge to the H2O tabular array ( Fleckenstein et al. 2004 ) . Galster et al. , ( 2006 ) argued that in the urban watershed they studied, they observed that the part of H2O from each unit of the drainage country was non equal with the downstream urbanised country lending a greater volume per unit country than the upstream forested or rural countries over the clip period represented by the extremum flows. The decision was hence that urbanisation reduces the infiltration capacity and increase overflow.Runoff DeterminationRunoff is generated by rainstorms and the happening and measure are dependent on the features of the peculiar rainfall event, i.e. strength, continuance and distribution. Water making the land surface infiltrates into the dirt until it reaches a phase where the rate of rainfall ( strength ) exceeds the infiltration capacity of the dirt. The infiltration capacity of the dirt depends on its texture and construction, every bit good as on the antecedent dirt wet status. The initial infiltration capacity of a dry dirt is hig h but, as the storm continues, it decreases until it reaches a steady value termed as concluding infiltration rate. [ The procedure of overflow coevals continues every bit long as the rainfall strength exceeds the existent infiltration capacity of the dirt but will halt every bit shortly as the rate of rainfall beads below the existent rate of infiltration. The infiltration capacity of dirt will change depending on both the dirt texture and construction. Soil composed of a high per centum of sand consequences in rapid infiltration because these dirts have big, good connected pore infinites. Clay soils on the other manus have low infiltration rates due to their smaller pore sized infinites. However, there is really less entire pore infinite in a unit volume of coarse, flaxen dirt than that of dirt composed largely of clay. As a consequence, sandy dirts fill quickly and normally bring forth overflow quicker than clay dirts ( Ritter, 2006 ) Baharudin 2007. Ms. Thesis ] Ritter 2006 – The Physical Environment ]Impact of Urbanization on Infiltration CapacityInfiltration is the procedure by which precipitation percolates downward through the dirt and replenishes dirt wet, recharges the aquifers, and finally supports watercourse flows during dry periods. The rate of infiltration ( degree Fahrenheit ) is influenced by several factors which includes the type and extent of vegetive screen, the status of the surface crust, temperature, rainfall strength, physical belongingss of the dirt and H2O quality ( Viessman Jr. and Lewis 2003 ; Liu et Al. 2004 ) . Research has shown that one of the most outstanding land usage impacting hydrology is urban development ( Finkenbine et al. , 2000 ; Lee and Bang, 2000 ; Bledsoe and Watson, 2001 ; Rose and Peters, 2001 ; Brezonik and Stadelmann, 2002 ) . Surveies have besides shown that additions in the proportion of imperviable surface ( IS ) of 10 % may significantly impact watercourse hydrology ( Hammer, 1972 ; Hollis, 1975 ) . Hydrological effects of increased IS typically result in elevated quickflow coevals which produces both higher magnitudes and increase early extremums in storm hydrographs ( Dunne and Leopold, 1978 ; Hirsch et al. , 1990 ) . Goudie ( 1990 ) , describes urbanisation as the transition of other types of land utilizations associated with the growing of population and the economic system. This procedure has a considerable hydrological impact in footings of act uponing the nature of overflow and other hydrological features. Impact nevertheless varies harmonizing to the phase of development every bit good. In the early phases, the remotion of trees and flora may diminish the evapotranspiration and interception and may besides increase deposit in rivers. Subsequently in the development of these countries when building of houses, streets, and culverts Begins, the impacts may include reduced infiltration, lowered groundwater tabular array, increased storm H2O flows, and decreased base flows during dry periods. After the development of these residential and commercial edifices has been completed, increased impenetrability will finally cut down the clip of overflow and concentration so that extremum discharges are h igher and occur Oklahoman after rainfall starts in basins. The volume of overflow and inundation harm potency is hence greatly increased. Furthermore, the installing of cloacas and storm drains accelerates overflow. Pitt et al. , ( 2002 ) reported that natural infiltration is significantly reduced in urban countries due to several factors: the reduced country of exposed dirts, remotion of surface dirts and exposing subsurface dirts, and besides the compression of dirts during Earth traveling and building operations. The reduced countries of dirts are typically associated with increased overflow volumes and peak flow rates. Land usage and land screen alterations have both direct and indirect impacts on the hydrological rhythm, H2O quality, measure available to drinkable H2O, and clime. The four major impacts of land usage alteration includes: addition or reduced incidences of inundations and drouths, alterations in river and groundwater governments, and besides the negative or positive impact H2O quality ( Roger 1994 ; Kim et Al. 2002 ) . In add-on there are besides indirect impacts on clime and later impact on H2O quality and measure. Kim et al. , ( 2002 ) in a survey of land-use alterations at both NASA ‘s John F. Kennedy Space Center ( KSC ) and the Indian River Lagoon ( IRL ) watershed, an addition in overflow of 49 % and 113 % severally from KSC and IRL over the period 1920-1990 was observed. Most of the addition in overflow came from urban landscape although increased agricultural land uses in the IRL besides contributed to increased overflow. Large differences in estimated overflow were due to differences in the sum of urban land usage within the several countries 35 % for the IRL versus 21 % for KSC. Harmonizing to Kim et al. , ( 2002 ) , land-use alteration can hold a dramatic impact on one-year overflow volume, therefore the effects of land-use alteration on one-year or long-run overflow should be considered in land-use planning.SCS CN methodThe sum of overflow produced by a watershed is chiefly controlled by both the ability of the dirt to â€Å" soak up † precipitation and the sum and type of vegetive screen found on the surface of the dirt. Acknowledging this, the United states Department of Agriculture ( USDA ) NRCS ( antecedently called the Soil Conservation Service, SCS ) developed in the 1950 ‘s a method for gauging the volume of direct overflow from rainfall. This figure varies from 0 ( rainfall bring forthing no overflow ) to 100 ( all rainfall runs off ) . The SCS curve figure is the most widely used method because of its comparative simplene ss. Curve figure defines the watershed storage and is determined for a watershed or sub-watershed preponderantly from the types of dirts, vegetive screen, and land-use features. The CN method is an empirical attack to gauging direct overflow and was developed for little agricultural water partings. During a rainfall event, there is a threshold which must be exceeded before overflow occurs and for this threshold to be exceeded, the storm must fulfill interception, depression storage, and infiltration volume. The rainfall required to fulfill the above status is termed initial abstraction ( Ia ) . It includes H2O retained in surface depressions, H2O intercepted by flora, and H2O lost to vaporization and infiltration. Initial abstraction is nevertheless extremely variable but is by and large correlated with the type of dirt and cover stuff. After rainfall begins, accrued infiltration additions with increasing rainfall up to some maximal keeping point and as rainfall additions, overflow besides increases. The ratio of existent keeping to maximal keeping is assumed to be equal to the ratio of direct overflow to rainfall minus initial abstraction. Mathematically the H2O balance of a storm event can be expressed as: for P & gt ; Ia ( Eq. 1 ) Where: F = existent keeping ( millimeter ) S = possible upper limit keeping ( millimeter ) Q = accumulated overflow deepness ( millimeter ) P = possible upper limit overflow ( millimeter ) I, = initial abstraction ( millimeter ) After overflow has started, all extra rainfall becomes either overflow or existent keeping ( i.e. the existent keeping is the difference between rainfall minus initial abstraction and overflow ) . F = ( P- Ia ) – Q ( Eq. 2 ) Uniting Equations 1 and 2 outputs ( Eq. 3 ) Field informations indicated that initial abstraction was by and large in the part of 20 % of the maximal keeping for an single storm. The standard premise used therefore is that Ia = 0.2S ( SCS 1985 ) , where â€Å" 0.2 † was based on watershed measurings with a big grade of variableness. Other research workers have reported utilizing values runing from 0.0 to 0.3 ( SCS 1985 ; Ponce and Hawkins 1996 ) . The original estimations of Ia were determined by deducting rain that fell prior to the beginning of watershed response from the entire rainfall, measured at the mercantile establishment ( SCS 1985 ) . Ia = 0.2S ( Eq. 4 ) This relation can be inserted into Equation 1 to give the followers: ( Eq. 5 ) The possible maximal keeping can run from nothing on a smooth, imperviable surface to eternity in deep crushed rock countries. The â€Å" S-values † can be converted to runoff curve Numberss ( CN ‘s ) by the undermentioned transmutation: ( when H2O deepnesss are expressed in inches ) or ( Eq. 6 ) ( when H2O deepnesss are expressed in millimeter ) Figure 1 shows the graphical solution of Equation 5, bespeaking values of overflow deepness Q as a map of rainfall deepness P for selected values of CN. For illustration, paved countries, S will be zero and CN will be 100 i.e. all rainfall will go overflow. For extremely permeable, flat-lying dirts, S will travel to eternity and CN will ‘ be zero i.e. all rainfall will infiltrate and there will be no overflow. Besides where entire effectual rainfall peers direct runoff the CN value will be 100. Figure 1. Graphic solution of Equation 4.5 demoing overflow deepness Q as a map of rainfall deepness P and swerve figure CN ( after SCS 1972 ) .Antecedent Moisture Condition, AMC ) .Antecedent wet status ( AMC ) is an indicant of the wetness of the watershed and the handiness of dirt wet storage prior to a storm. Ponce and Hawkins ( 1996 ) indicated that curve figure can be adjusted to gauge less overflow under dry conditions and more overflow under wet conditions. AMC hence, can hold a important consequence on overflow. Soil AMC is determined by the rainfall sum 5 yearss prior to the event of involvement. AMC 1 applies if the 5-day ancestor rainfall is less than 36 millimeter. AMC II and III refers to 5-day antecedent rainfall 36- 53 millimeter and greater than 53 millimeter severally.Hydrologic dirt groupsThe NRCS classified over 8,500 dirt series into four hydrologic groups harmonizing to their infiltration features. The hydrologic groups have been designated as A, B, C, and D and description of each dirt group are provided in the Table 1 below ;Table 1: Hydrological Soil Group and Infiltration CharacteristicsSoil GroupDescriptionInfiltration Rate( mm/h )DirtA Lowest overflow potency. Includes deep littorals with really small silt and clay, besides deep, quickly permeable loess. These dirts considered to hold a low overflow potency and a high infiltration rate even when exhaustively wetted, e.g. deep overly drained littorals and crushed rocks. 8-12 Sand, loamy sand, flaxen loam. Bacillus Reasonably low overflow potency. Mostly sandy dirts less deep than A, and loess less but the group as a whole has above-average infiltration after thorough wetting i.e. dirts have a moderate infiltration rate when exhaustively wetted e.g. shallow loess and flaxen loam. 4-8 Silt loam, loam. C Reasonably high overflow potency. Comprises shallow dirts and dirts incorporating considerable clay and colloids, though less than those of group D. The group has below-average infiltration after presaturation e.g. clay loams, shallow sandy loam and dirt with low organic content. 1-4 Sandy clay loam.CalciferolHighest overflow potency. Includes largely clays of high swelling possible, but the group besides includes some shoal dirts with about impermeable some shallow dirts with about impermeable subhorizons near the surface. These dirts have a high potency for overflow, since they have really slow infiltration rates when exhaustively wetted 0-1 Clay loam, silty clay loam, clay, flaxen clay, silty clay. Beginning: SCS, 1975 ; Schulze et al. , 1996Cover typeCover type affects overflow in several ways, the leaf and its litter maintains the dirt ‘s infiltration potency by forestalling the impact of the raindrops from sealing the dirt surface. Other factors, such as the per centum of imperviable country and the agencies of conveying overflow from imperviable countries to the drainage system should be considered in calculating CN for urban countries. Table 2 describes the CN value for a combination of land usage description and hydrologic dirt group.Table2. Land Use Description and Curve NumbersDescription of Land UseHydrologic Soil GroupAABacillusCCalciferolPaved parking tonss, roofs, private roads98 98 98 98Streets and Roadss:A A A A Paved with kerbs and storm cloacas 98 98 98 98 A A A A Gravel 76 85 89 91 A A A A Dirt 72 82 87 89Cultivated ( Agricultural Crop ) Land* :A A A A Without preservation intervention ( no patios ) 72 81 88 91 A A A A With preservation intervention ( patios, contours ) 62 71 78 81Pasture or Range Land:A A A A Poor ( & lt ; 50 % land screen or to a great extent grazed ) 68 79 86 89 A A A A Good ( 50-75 % land screen ; non to a great extent grazed ) 39 61 74 80Meadow ( grass, no graze, mowed for hay )30 58 71 78Brush ( good, & gt ; 75 % land screen )30 48 65 73Forests and Forests:A A A A Poor ( little trees/brush destroyed by over-grazing or combustion ) 45 66 77 83 A A A A Fair ( croping but non burned ; some coppice ) 36 60 73 79 A A A A Good ( no graze ; brush screens land ) 30 55 70 77Open Spaces ( lawns, Parkss, golf classs, graveyards, etc. ) :A A A A Fair ( grass covers 50-75 % of country ) 49 69 79 84 A A A A Good ( grass covers & gt ; 75 % of country ) 39 61 74 80Commercial and Business Districts ( 85 % imperviable )89 92 94 95Industrial Districts ( 72 % imperviable )81 88 91 93Residential Areas:A A A A 1/8 Acre tonss, approximately 65 % imperviable 77 85 90 92 A A A A 1/4 Acre tonss, approximately 38 % imperviable 61 75 83 87 A A A A 1/2 Acre tonss, approximately 25 % imperviable 54 70 80 85 A A A A 1 Acre tonss, approximately 20 % imperviable 51 68 79 84from Chow et Al. ( 1988 )Appraisal of CN values for Urban Land UsesUrbanized water partings are those in which imperviable surfaces cover a considerable per centum of an country. These imperviable surfaces include roads, pavements, parking tonss, and edifices. In these countries, natural flow waies in the water parting may be replaced or supplemented by paved troughs, storm cloacas, or other elements of unreal drainage. Urbanization therefore alterations a water parting ‘s response to precipitation. The most common effects are reduced infiltration and decreased travel clip which significantly increase peak discharges and overflow ( SCS 1986 ) . Urban CN values ( Table 3 ) were developed for typical land usage relationships based on specific assumed per centums of imperviable country. These CN valleies were developed based on the premises that ( a ) pervious urban countries are tantamount to crop in good hydrologic status and ( B ) imperviable countries have a CN of 98 and are straight connected to the drainage system. Some assumed per centums of imperviable country are shown in Table 3 ( SCS 1986 ) . Of involvement from Table 3 is the description used to sort residential countries. A widely used method of sorting urban land usage is the Anderson Level III categorization ( Anderson, et al. , 1976 ) , which makes the undermentioned differentiations: ( 1 ) low denseness residential land usage ( 0-5 brooding units per hectare ) , ( 2 ) medium denseness residential land usage ( 5-20 brooding units per hectare ) , and ( 3 ) townhouse-garden flat land usage ( & gt ; 20 brooding units per hectare ) . The definition for urbanised water partings used by Cappiella et Al. ( 2005 ) was countries holding more than 10 % entire imperviable screen. Impervious screen includes any surface that does non let H2O to infiltrate, such as roads, edifices, parking tonss, and private roads. Crawford-Tilley, et Al. ( 1996 ) on the other manus, used a residential denseness of three houses per hectare as a threshold for urbanised land usage. Many hydrologic theoretical accounts use the CN method to gauge direct overflow from Fieldss or water partings. However, change of the hydrologic dirt group due to the effects of urbanisation frequently consequences from compression lending to structural debasement of the dirt. In urbanised water partings, land surfaces frequently become less pervious due to perturbation of the established dirt construction ensuing in increased overflow. Thus the usage of the original dirt study information for urbanised countries is frequently a hapless premise because important compression and perturbation of the dirt that has taken topographic point chiefly due to earthwork operations ( Holman-Dodds et al. 2003, Gregory et Al. 1999 ) .Table 3 Runoff Curve Numbers for Urban AreasBeginning: Scandium 1986Determination of overflow volume on inclining landscapeWatersheds in the Caribbean and in many parts of the universe are characterized by inclining landscape. Factors that control infiltration rate i nclude dirt belongingss that are strongly affected by three forces. These forces are, hydraulic conduction, diffusivity and H2O keeping capacity. These dirt belongingss are related to the features of dirt texture, construction, composing, and grade of compression, which influence dirt matric forces and pore infinite. In add-on, antecedent wet status, type of vegetative or other land screen, incline, rainfall strength and motion every bit good as entrapment of dirt air are of import factors that besides affect infiltration rates.Minidisk InfiltrometerAccumulative infiltration, I, is described by the undermentioned map ( Eq.7 ) Where T is clip, C1 and C2 are parametric quantities specifying the sorptive and hydraulic conduction, severally ( Phillips, 1969 ) .Relationship between majority denseness and infiltrationThe Ocean County Soil Conservation District ( 2001 ) , in New Jersey, conducted a survey on the effects of dirt alteration and compression on infiltration rates during building operations in urban countries. This survey was to find whether the effects of building activities were sufficient to change the hydrologic dirt group categorization. Measurements of majority denseness and infiltration rates were conducted both in situ to and demo that as dirt majority denseness increases to 1.65 g/cm3, the infiltration rate lessenings quickly. The survey besides showed that with an addition in bulk denseness above 1.65 g/cm3, infiltration rate diminutions easy, nearing zero therefore ensuing in permeableness going the confining factor for infiltration into the dirt profile. The permeableness measurings were so used to develop a technique to gauge infiltration rates of densenesss non specifically measured. The expression from the unmoved informations derived from plotting the graph of permeableness against bulk denseness ( Figure 2 ) resulted in the undermentioned expression ; [ Permeability = ( 42198 ) ( Bulk Density ) -21.255 ] . Figure 2. Graph demoing the relationship between majority denseness and permeableness ( Ocean County Soil Conservation District 2001 ) The consequences indicated that the overflow from many late constructed lodging developments exceeds the simulated overflow based on the CN method utilizing undisturbed hydrologic dirt group values. The survey besides showed that the hydrologic dirt group at late urbanized sites that was recorded as dirt group A or B, based on dirt study informations and texture, recorded infiltration rates of less than 0.38 cm/hr, proposing Hydrologic dirt group C or D. The Ocean County Soil Conservation District ( 2001 ) survey concluded that building operations significantly compact the dirt, ensuing in the change of the hydrologic dirt group categorization. The survey hence recommended that contrivers and interior decorators should account for the effects of dirt compression when gauging overflow. Curse Holman-Dobbs et Al. ( 2003 ) besides observed that land surfaces have become less pervious due to perturbation of set up dirt construction in urbanised water partings, which consequences in increased flow. Treading promotes surface dirt compression and waterproofing ( Warren et al. , 1986 ) . The usage of the original hydrological dirt group value for urbanised countries is hence a hapless premise because earthwork operations frequently result in important compacted and disturbed dirt ( Gregory et al. 1999 ) . Soil infiltration trials on loamy dirts to analyze the effects of age of urbanisation on dirt infiltration rates were conducted by the Wisconsin Deptartment of Natural Resources and the University of Wisconsin. The preliminary trials consequences indicated that every bit long as several decennaries could be necessary earlier compacted loam dirts recover to conditions similar to pre-development conditions ( Pitt, et Al. 2002 ) . Pitt, et Al. ( 2002 ) hence concluded that really big mistakes in dirt infiltration rates can easy be made with the usage of published dirt maps are used along with available theoretical account for typically disturbed urban dirts, as these tools ignore the effects of compression. The writer farther stated that cognition of compression can be used to more accurately predict stormwater overflow measure, and to better design bioretention stormwater control structures. Dirts that are left au naturel due to urbanisation and addition traffic by occupants frequently consequences in dirt crusting and decreased infiltration. This was reported by Blackburn ( 1989 ) , who observed that exposure of bare dirt to climate fluctuations enhances dirt crusting and slaking and as a consequence, infiltration of dirts was lower on bare dirt than beneath trees and bushs. Holman et Al ( 2003 ) observed that dirt construction debasement on farms in England and Wales during land direction operations, such as ploughing or harvest home led to compression and structural harm of the dirt i.e. the transition of wheels over the dirt surface lead to compression of the upper parts of the surface soil. This compression leads to decrease in dirt H2O storage and infiltration capacity therefore cut downing the ability of the dirt to absorb rain and cause addition implosion therapy. For this survey dirt construction conditions were linked via the hydrological dirt group, dirt conditions and antecedent rainfall conditions to SCS curve Numberss to measure the volume of enhanced overflow in each catchment. Land usage controls the infiltration of dirts. Other surveies have besides shown that ploughing agricultural lands produces dirt compression ( Voorhes and Lindstrom, 1984 ; Blackwell et al. , 1985 ; Allegre et al. , 1986 ; Hartge, 1988 ) . Because denseness of the la rgest dirt pores is reduced by the compression mechanism, the infiltration rate is besides diminished ( Hartge, 1988 ) . Van Der Plas and Bruijnzeel ( 1993 ) observed that the impact of selected logging of the rain forest in Malaysia resulted in soils compression by tractor path well increased the frequence and volume of over land flow. The survey was done on 10-35 % inclining land mensurating the surface soil ( 0-30cm ) majority denseness and steady-state infiltration utilizing the dual ring method. Infiltration trial in the logged-over wood were made on former tractor paths and in the next retrieving forest. The consequences indicated that mean bulk densenesss increased with deepness in both woods ( scope in undisturbed wood: 0.98-1.26 g cm-3 and logged-over wood outside tractor paths: 1.11-1.35 g cm-3 ) . For the sparsely vegetated tractor paths fluctuation was much less ( scope: 1.31-1.37 g cm-3 ) . Topsoil majority denseness ( 0-18 centimeter ) was extremely correlated with steady-state infiltration rates and the mean values were 88 ( undisturbed wood ) , 73 ( retrieving forest ) , and 15 millimet ers h-1 ( 12-year-old tractor paths ) .Use of GIS in Watershed moldSeveral surveies have been done to integrate GIS into watershed hydrologic patterning. These can be grouped into: I ) calculation of input parametric quantities for bing hydrologic theoretical accounts ; two ) function and show of hydrologic variables ; three ) watershed surface representation ; and iv ) designation of hydrologic response units. Two of import countries where GIS has contributed to hydrological mold are that of hydrological stock list and appraisal and good as hydrological parametric quantity finding.Hydrological Inventory and AppraisalThe usage of GIS for hydrological stock list and appraisal involves the usage of GIS for mapping hydrological factors that pertain to some state of affairs, normally as a agency of hazard appraisal ( Maidment, 1993 ) . The developments in geographical information systems ( GIS ) engineering have coincided with moves within hydrology to supplying a more expressed account ing of infinite through distributed instead than lumped or topological representations. With GIS there is the ability to hive away, arrange, retrieve, classify, manipulate, analyze and present immense spatial informations and information in a simple mode. GIS supports spacial informations theoretical accounts and supply integration, mensurating and analytical capablenesss which are now been used in many hydrological applications runing from stock list and appraisal surveies to treat mold ( McDonnel, 1996 ) . Aspinall and Pearson ( 2000 ) used GIS to develop a series of indexs of H2O catchment wellness for the Yellowstone River in the Rocky Mountain USA, as portion of a geographic audit of environmental wellness and alteration at the regional graduated table. Sirnivasan et Al, ( 1998 ) identified GIS as one constituent to pull off spacial input and end product in the designing of a national river basin graduated table resource appraisal in developing the Hydrologic Unit Model for the United States ( HUMUS ) .Hydrological Parameter DeterminationThe usage of GIS for theoretical account parametric quantity appraisal is a really active country of research ( Maidment, 1993 ; McDonnell, 1996 ) . The aim is to find the parametric quantities that will be used as input into hydrological theoretical accounts by analysis of terrain and land screen characteristics such as incline, channel length, land usage and dirt features ( Maidment, 1993 ) . Digital lift theoretical accounts ( DEMs ) have become utile tools for hydrological mold in ungauged water partings because topographic parametric quantities can now be rapidly and expeditiously derived utilizing GIS. These topographic parametric quantities help to specify the construction of water partings which give a specific hydrological signature and drainage form. It can be shown that landform form and features influence the flow of H2O, transit of deposits and pollutants. GIS provide an environment within which topographic parametric quantities can be rapidly and expeditiously extracted for hydrological application and as a consequence, DEMs are progressively being used ( Armstrong and Martz, 2003 ; Martz and Garbrecht, 1998 ) . DaRos and Borga, ( 1997 ) stated that the application of GIS provides an efficient and accurate agencies for the rating of watershed features and deducing structural instantaneous unit hydrographs ( GIUH ) . The survey showed that hydrologic response of a watershed is influenced by many factors some of which include dirt belongingss ( e.g. , infiltration capacity, dirt deepness, and porousness ) , morphological belongingss ( e.g. , drainage country, incline, channel length, drainage denseness, and alleviation ratio ) , geologic belongingss ( e.g. , lithologic and structural geologic belongingss ) , and set down screen and land usage ( e.g. , per centum forest, agricultural, and urban screen ) . For ungauged catchments, structural instantaneous unit hydrographs have been proposed as a tool to imitate overflow hydrographs. Harmonizing to Olivera and Maidment ( 1998 ) , GIS provides tools that allow one to travel from lumped to spatially distributed hydrologic theoretical accounts. GIS provided an first-class environment for patterning spatially distributed hydrologic procedures. This is so because they have spacial maps in the vector and raster sphere ( some of which are specifically developed for hydrologic intents ) and a database direction system, which combined, let one to execute hydrologic mold and computations that are connected to geographic locations. Weng ( 2001 ) on the other manus used the advantage of GIS engineering for incorporating GIS with distant feeling engineering and successfully applied these engineerings to come up overflow patterning. His survey uses GIS to deduce two cardinal parametric quantities: rainfall and hydrological dirt groups. Based on these informations and land screen digital informations, the surface overflow images could be obtained through the map algebra and overlay maps of GIS. Thus, the integrating has automated the SCS mold. Similarly other surveies have demonstrated the usage of GIS-based systems to develop parametric quantity estimations ( Stuebe and Johnson, 1990 ; Green and Cruise, 1995 ; De Smedt et al. , 2000 ; Liu et Al, 2004 ; Olivera and Maidment, 1999 ) and for CN computation ( Engel, 1997 ; Xu, 2006 ; Gumbo et Al, 2001 ; Halley et al. , 2007 ) .CN Determination utilizing GISCraciun et.al ( 2007 ) in his survey tested a theoretical account of hydric overflow appraisal ( SCS CN ) , based on the calculus relation of hydric balance, in which GIS was used in the analysis of parametric quantities that compose the equation of the theoretical account. The parametric quantities which are included in the concretion of the hydric volume entered in the basin system can be customized and computed, successfully, by utilizing the GIS. Craciun et.al ( 2007 ) concluded that uniting GIS maps with the SCS-CN theoretical account, for analyzing the overflow on a watershed degree, can be an efficient solution in the context of a uninterrupted addition in the demand of calculating the hydric jeopardies. M. MANCINI & A ; R. ROSSO ( 1989 ) Calibration of Soil Conservation Service Curve Number ( CN ) is performed within a distributed model. This is based on the detailed information from the Geographic Information System ( GIS ) Spatial variableness of Curve Number has been investigated in order to analyze ( I ) the extension of local countries which can be taken as homogenous, ( two ) the common relationships among different countries in the basin, and ( three ) the local variableness of overflow estimations.Runoff HydrographHydrologist and applied scientists depend on measured or computed hydrographs to supply extremum flow rates that is so used to plan hydraulic constructions to suit flows safely. Hydrographs besides allows for the analysis of sizes of reservoirs, storage armored combat vehicles, detainment pools, and other installations that accommodate volumes of overflow ( Viessman Jr. and Lewis 2003 ) . A hydrograph is basically a secret plan of rate against clip with the country beneath the hydrograph between any two points in clip giving the entire volume of H2O go throughing a peculiar point of involvement during the clip interval.Unit of measurement HydrographThe construct of unit hydrograph was foremost introduced by Sherman ( 1932 ) and can be described as a hydrograph of stormflow from 1 unit of effectual rainfall happening at a unvarying rate over a peculiar period and some specific areal distribution over the watershed. The hydrograph demoing the ra tes at which overflow occurred can be considered a unit graph for a peculiar water parting ( Viessman Jr. and Lewis 2003 ; Brooks et Al. 1997 ) . As a watershed becomes more urbanised, the impact of increasing imperviable country, decreased potency for infiltration into the dirt, and loss of natural depression storage will alter the response to rainfall and therefore the form ( top out and clip base ) of the ensuing overflow hydrograph. Figure 3 shows the relationship between a storm or rainfall event the unit hydrograph developed and direct overflow. Runoff normally occurs after the initial abstraction or storage capacity of the dirt is satisfied. Figure 3: Relationship between storm, unit hydrograph, and direct overflow hydrograph ( McCuen 1989 )Rational MethodThe most widely used method for planing drainage installations for little urban and rural water partings is the Rational Method. Mathematically, the rational method relates the peak discharge ( Q ) to the drainage country ( A ) , the rainfall strength ( I ) , and the overflow coefficient ( C ) . Using this method, extremum flow is expressed as Qp = CIA ( Eq. 13 ) Where Qp = the peak overflow rate ( m3/sec ) C = the overflow coefficient ( dimensionless ) I = the mean rainfall strength ( mm/hr ) for a storm with continuance equal a critical period of clip technetium A = size of drainage country ( Km2 ) The value of C is dependent on the dirt, land usage screen status and rainfall features. Time of concentration ( tc ) of the water parting is the clip that is required for H2O to go from the most distant subdivision of the watershed to the mercantile establishment point one time the status of dirt impregnation and minor depressions are filled. Time of concentration influences the form and extremum of the overflow hydrograph and is affected by surface raggedness, channel form, flow form and incline. Time of concentration can be calculated utilizing the Kirpich method ( 1940 ) which was developed from SCS informations for seven rural basins in Tennessee. The water partings used in developing this expression had good defined channels and steep inclines ( 3 % to 10 % ) . The Kirpich expression is as follows: ( Eq. 14 ) Where: technetium = clip of concentration ( min. ) L = the maximal hydraulic flow length ( foot ) H = the difference in lift between the watershed mercantile establishment and hydraulicly most distant point in the water parting ( ft/ft ) The cogency of the rational method is based on the set of premises some of which are listed below along with identified failings ( Thompson et al. 2003 ; Viessman Jr. and Lewis 2003 )Premises in the Rational Method:Rainfall occurs at a unvarying strength over the full country of the watershed for a specific continuance that is at least equal to the clip of concentration of the water parting. Peak rate of overflow can be reflected by the rainfall averaged over a clip period equal to the clip of concentration of the drainage country. The return period of the overflow event is the same as the return period of the precipitation event.Failings of the Rational Method:Appraisal of technetium. Particularly critical for little watershed where technetium is short and alterations in design strengths can happen rapidly. Reflects merely the extremum and gives no indicant of the volume or the clip distribution of the overflow. Lumps many watershed variables into one overflow coefficient. Provides small penetration into our apprehension of overflow processes – particularly in instances where watershed conditions vary greatly across the water parting. This method is a great simplism of a complicated procedure ; nevertheless, the method is considered sufficiently accurate for overflow appraisal in the design of comparatively cheap constructions where the effects of failure are limited. Application of rational method is usually limited to water partings of less than 800 hour angle.SCS Triangular Unit HydrographThe SCS triangular unit hydrograph was developed by Victor Mockus in the 1950s and is used to build a man-made unit hydrographs. This hydrograph is based on a dimensionless hydrograph derived from analysis of a big figure of unit hydrographs which varied in size and geographic locations ( SCS 1972 ; Viessman Jr and Lewis 2003 ) . The hydrograph ordinate values are expressed as a dimensionless ratio of discharge to top out discharge ( q/qp ) and abscissa values are ratios of clip to clip to top out ( t/Tp ) ( Figure 4 ) . The SCS triangular unit hydrograph is frequently used in concurrence with CN overflow equation to transform overflow volume into matching discharge hydrograph ( Stone, 1995 ) . scs_uhg Figure 4: SCS Dimensionless unit hydrograph and mass curve ( SCS 1972 ) The dimensionless unit hydrograph can be represented by a triangular form. The relationships between major hydrograph constituents, presented in Figure 5, were derived for the geometric characteristics of a trigon. By utilizing the geometry of the trigons ( country = 1/2 base times height ) , the triangular unit hydrograph has 37.5 % ( or 3/8 ) of its volume on the lifting side and the staying 62.5 % ( or 5/8 ) of the volume on the recession side. scs_uhg_triangle Figure 5: Illustration of dimensionless curvilineal unit hydrograph and the tantamount triangular hydrograph ( SCS 1972 ) . The SCS CN method is based on constituents and their dealingss. The method requires the finding of the clip to top out and the peak discharge expressed as follows: ( Eq.15 ) Where: thallium = lag clip in hours cubic decimeter = length of the longest drainage way in pess S = ( 25400/CN ) – 254 ( CN = curve figure ) Y = norm watershed incline in % ( Eq.16 ) Where tp = clip from get downing of rainfall to top out discharge ( H ) D = continuance of rainfall ( H ) thallium = slowdown clip from the centroid of rainfall to top out discharge ( H ) The continuance of rainfall ( D ) can be expressed utilizing the undermentioned expression: ( Eq. 17 ) SCS ( 1972 ) relates clip of concentration ( technetium ) , to dawdle clip ( thallium ) , by: ( Eq. 18 ) The recession clip ( tr ) , and clip of extremum ( tp ) is related as follows: ( Eq. 19 ) H is a changeless and can be obtained from Table 5.Table 5: Hydrograph top outing factors and recession limb ratioGeneral DescriptionTop outing Factor( H )Limb Ratio( Recession to raising )Urban countries ; steep inclines 575 1.25 Typical SCS 484 1.67 Assorted urban/rural 400 2.25 Rural, turn overing hills 300 3.33 Rural, little inclines 200 5.50 Rural, really level 100 12.0 Beginning: Wanielista et Al. 1997 The base of the unit hydrograph can hence be calculated utilizing the undermentioned expression: ( Eq. 20 ) The extremum flow ( Qp ) is developed by come closing the unit hydrograph as a triangular form with basal clip of tp and unit country. Peak discharge can be written as: ( Eq. 21 ) Where Qp = extremum discharge ( m3/s ) A = drainage country ( mi2 ) tp = clip from get downing of rainfall to top out discharge ( H ) Steep terrain and urban countries tend to bring forth higher extremums that occur earlier ensuing in a peak factor be givening towards 600. Similarly, level swampy parts which tend to retain and hive away H2O, therefore doing a delayed and lower extremum may ensue in values be givening towards 300 or lower ( SCS 1972 ; Wanielista, et Al. 1997 ) . Table 5 illustrates the possible values for a hydrograph top outing factor and the associate ratio of the recession limb length to raising limb. CN values relate the sum of overflow produced by a watershed and is used to build man-made unit hydrographs. This hydrograph can so be used to steer the design standard for technology constructions. Figure 6 demonstrate that for different CN values the form of the hydrograph varies. At higher CN values there is a shorter clip to top out, a higher extremum value and a shorter recession clip. Design standards hence have to take into consideration these factors and therefore the demand for this methodological analysis to be calibrated to local conditions. Figure 6: Comparative hydrographs for different CN values ( Woodward et Al. 2003 )Model EvaluationModel rating involves standardization and proof and is frequently done through quantitative and qualitative steps that involve both graphical comparing and statistical trials. This is hence a procedure for consistently analysing the mistakes or differences between theoretical account anticipations and field observations. Tools are hence needed to do optimum usage of the information available in the information to place theoretical account construction and parametric quantities, and that allow elaborate analysis of theoretical account behaviour ( Wagner et al. 2001 ; Krause et Al. 2005 ) . These tools are frequently termed the efficiency standards for theoretical account appraisal Donigian and Rao ( 1990 ) describe patterning as comprising of three stages ( Figure 6 ) . The first stage ( stage I ) includes all the stairss needed to setup a theoretical account, qualify the water parting, and fix for theoretical account executings i.e. informations aggregation, theoretical account input readying, and parameter rating. Phase II is the theoretical account proving stage which involves standardization, proof, and, when possible, post-audit. Phase II is where the theoretical account is evaluated to measure whether it can reasonably stand for the watershed behaviour, for the intents of the survey. The last stage ( phase III ) includes the ultimate usage of the theoretical account, where it can be used as a determination support tool for direction and regulative intents. Figure 6: Mold Procedure Calibration and proof is of import because the result establishes how good the theoretical account represents the water partings, for the intent of the survey. Krause et Al. ( 2005 ) gave three grounds why hydrologists need to measure theoretical account public presentation: 1 ) to supply a quantitative estimation of the theoretical account ‘s ability to reproduce historic and future watershed behavior ; 2 ) to supply a agency for measuring betterments to the mold attack through accommodation of theoretical account parametric quantity values, model structural alterations, the inclusion of extra experimental information, and representation of of import spacial and temporal features of the watershed ; and 3 ) to compare current patterning attempts with old survey consequences.Efficiency CriteriaBeven ( 2001 ) define efficiency standards as mathematical steps of how good exemplary simulations fit the available observations. Efficiency standards in general, incorporate a summing up of the error term ( i.e. difference between the fake and the ascertained variable ) normalized by a step of the variableness in the observations. To forestall the canceling of mistakes with opposite mark, the summing up of the absolute or squared mistakes is frequently use. The consequence is an accent is on larger mistakes while smaller mistakes tend to be neglected. Examples of two efficiency standards frequently used are: 1 ) coefficient of finding ( r2 ) and 2 ) Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency ( E ) .Coefficient of finding r2This can be defined as the squared value of the coefficient of correlativity and can be calculated as follows: ( Eq. 22 ) Where O = observed, P = Predicted The scope of r2 prevarications between 0 and 1 which depict how much of the observed is explained by the predicted. A value of zero means no correlativity, where as a value of one shows that there is perfect correlativity between the predicted and the observed. In utilizing r2 information is provided by the gradient B and the intercept a of the arrested development on which r2 is based. For a good understanding the intercept a should be near to zero which means that an ascertained overflow of nothing would besides ensue in a anticipation near nothing and the gradient B should be near to one. For a proper theoretical account assessment the gradient B should ever be discussed together with r2. To make this in a more operational manner the two parametric quantities can be combined to supply a leaden version ( w R2 ) of R2. Such a weighting can be performed by: tungsten r2 = |b| A · r2 for B a†°Ã‚ ¤ 1 |b|-1 A · r2 for B & gt ; 1 ( Eq. 23 ) By burdening r2 under- or over anticipations are quantified together with the kineticss which consequences in a more comprehensive contemplation of theoretical account consequences.Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency ( E )Developed in 1970, the Nash- Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient is defined as one minus the amount of the absolute squared difference between the predicted and observed values normalized by the discrepancy of the ascertained values during the period under which probes were undertaken. This coefficient can be calculated as: ( Eq. 24 ) A disadvantage with the standardization of the discrepancy of the observation series is that is consequences in comparatively higher values of E in catchments with higher variableness and lower values of E in catchments with lower variableness. The scope of E lies between 1.0 ( perfect tantrum ) and a?’a?z . An E value of lower than zero indicates that the average value of the ascertained clip series would hold been a better forecaster than the theoretical account. Legates and McCabe ( 1999 ) stated that the largest disadvantage of the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency is the fact that the differences between the ascertained and predicted values are calculated as squared values. As a consequence larger values are strongly overestimated whereas lower values are neglected in a clip series. For the quantification of overflow anticipations this leads to an overestimate of the theoretical account public presentation during extremum flows and an underestimate during low flow conditions. To cut down the job of the squared differences and the ensuing sensitiveness to extreme values the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency E is frequently calculated utilizing logarithmic values of O and P. With the logarithmic transmutation of the overflow values the extremums are flattened and the low flows are kept more or less at the same degree. As a consequence the influence of the low flow values is increased in comparing to the inundation extremums ensuing in an addition in sensitiveness of lnE to systematic theoretical account over- or underprediction.

Redneck Recording Process

How do you record a song? Hmm, well that's easy. It's easy if you follow the three steps, of the Redneck Recording Process. First we jam or play what we feel like playing. Jamming is a very unstructured thing. Jamming usually consists of playing the old â€Å"guit-fiddle† or (guitar by its normal name), having a good time, watching movies and talking shop. Second we take the song we wrote and set up the Rednek Recording Studio (, Misspelled on purpose. ) And finally we'll put it on to tape. Mix it, master it, and finally burn it to CD. This makes it easier to sell. So now lets record â€Å"Brew Drinkin-Hell Raisers† to tape. The first step in the Redneck Recording Process is to jam out. My friend comes over and we just start playing. After about thirty minutes to an hour of playing and shop talk we usually have a riff (Musical Melody for the guitar) to work off of for the song. Most of the time this will end up being the bridge or the chorus. After the riff is placed in the song. Well start working out the other parts of the song. Because were both guitarists we'll figure out the other parts of the song later. After another fifteen to forty minutes we basically have the song's guitar parts and vocal melodies worked out. When hitting out the vocals, I usually like to Shoot from the hip. So Chris plays the riff while I start singing words. This part is usually pretty funny cause like Ozzy Osbourne; I usually just sing random words. Sometimes it takes three hours other times it takes three days. After we've got the Melody, I've usually got a basic idea were the lyrics are going. It usually takes me some time to get down some lyrics that work for the song. Ok now that the guitars and vocals are worked out, well take the song to the bass player. He listens awhile to the song gives us some ideas, Then he makes the bass lines for â€Å"Brew Drinkin-Hell Raisers†. Then the drummer does the same. After all the parts are finished. We will re-hearse â€Å"BDHR† until we have it down right. â€Å"Brew Drinkin-Hell Raisers† is now ready to be taken to Rednek Rekording Studio, or RRS for short to record it. Rednek Recording Studio is also known as a house. Just to let you know, this paragraph is filled with products and descriptions of them to futher your knowledge of recording. Ok, the song is firing on all cylinders, so lets set up the studio. First we will get the gear we need, so we'll go to a rental company such as Rock & Roll Rentals. First off the mixing board, for this well use the Behringer MX2642A Euro rack to a Tascam DA-P1 DAT recorder. (DAT is short for Digital Audio Tape). Ok we now have the base of RRS, for the rest of the Studio Equipment, I'll just explain the instrument, amp, and microphone used to capture their sound. The rhythm guitar is a Gibson Les Paul Custom running through a Lee Jackson XLA-1000 Amplifier dry. Dry is a term meaning no effects are added to the signal (sound) till after the recording. To record it we are going to â€Å"close mic† or put the mic right next to the speaker cabinet so we get as little atmosphere as possible. The mic I chose is a Shure SM-57 to give it a nice flat sound which is easier to mix. We'll get to the mixing later. For the Lead guitar were using another Gibson Les Paul Custom. The Paul is going dry into a Marshall JCM 800 to a close mic'd SM-57. So they can hear what's going on with the rest of the band Ill hook up some monitors (speakers). Now we have the guitars done, so lets move to the â€Å"thump and the bump† of the ensemble. The drum set is Tama Star Classic Trap Set similar to the one used by Lars Ulrich of Metallica. To mic this were going to use four mics. First one is for the snare, once again were using a SM-57, Boy those really seem to be popular. The second is for the Kick drum we'll try the AKG D112 microphone. The final two mics are the overheads, for these well employ the AKG C-418's. The Drums are now set up in a separate room with some head phones to hear the other band members. Lets move onto the bass; He's going to use an Ernie Ball Stingray bass to a Galien Krueger 2001RB mic'd by a once again a SM-57. Since the bass is in the same room as the guitars, he can hear whats going on. Last we just have to get the vocals. For this well set up in the shower with headphones and an AKG tube (a vacuum Tube) mic for that tube warmth. Whew finally RRS is set up and ready to Rock. Well, we are cocked, locked and ready to rock! Lets get started on recording. With all our mics, monitors, and headphones are hooked up, were going to get a few practice takes in. After we're all in the same groove, we're going to lay it down for real. After about seven takes we've probably got the best were going to get. So we start mixing. First the producer and the artists, who in this case are the same people, start listening to the takes. So I don't get bogged down in techno mumble-jumbo again, let's say we all nailed it on the same take. Now were going to mix it. Basically sound is a 3D ball that has to be assembled. Mixing assembles this ball by cutting and boosting frequencies, volume and adding effects. So â€Å"BD-HR† is now mixed perfectly, so were going to burn this onto a cd. So the song is now on tape and cd which will make it much more accessible for fans. We have been through the three very tedious yet enjoyable steps of the Redneck Recording Process. First I, told you about the jam session, which can only be described not explained. Secondly I gave you the set up of the RRS used to record the song. The third step recording the song. Sorry for the over technical second paragraph, but all of the tools are instrumental to making the record sound right. So hopefully the process and point of this paper got through. If It did, you know what the RRS is, and how to apply it to your own situation.

Womens rights essays

Women's rights essays Over the years women have always fought for their rights: for the right to vote, for the right to fight among the men in the Army and even for the right to get paid the same amount for doing the same work as men. Most of the fights were for rights that were guaranteed to women by the constitution but were denied. Over the decades women have also fought for something that the American people have enjoyed over the years with ease of mind: birth control. Not only did the women of the United States fight for the rights they are passionate about but they also opened up the doors for the subject that is not anymore considered Taboo or wrong. Now everyone who is sexually active can gain information on contraceptives. In Women and Power in American History, Linda Gordon tells the story of how one woman named Margaret Sanger struggled to get a license for a clinic that she was running to be able to give information on contraceptives. While Jessie M. Rodrique informed the public through the bo ok about the African Americans struggle not only to provide the contraceptive information for their people but also to provide a better standing for themselves. Sex radicals who began the birth-control movement before the First World War were amateurs. (Gordon, 127) From the beginning the author lets the reader know that the fight for contraceptive that Sanger fought was started of in the wrong way. The amateurs as the writer describes them, were mostly men, they had no professional or socially recognized expertise in sexology. (Gordon, 127) Even before the writer introduces Sanger to the reader, the character of Sanger is build up to be a professional, educated woman, in at least the sexology background. The writer continues to praise and emphasize more about the greatness of Sanger, ...Sanger was an important factor in facilitating, even encouraging the professionalization of the birth control moveme...

Free Essays on New World

Commercialization involved changing structures of regional and national economies as well as the growing globalization of commercial networks and their increasing domination by western European organizations and states. The growth of global trade in the 16th century was part of a transformation involving increasing importance of markets and specialized production of agricultural and manufactured goods. This commercialization of economic life had significant effects on all of society. 2 EUROPEAN TRANSFORMATION. Western Europe experienced a Commercial Revolution that had a major impact during the 16th century. Growing global contacts increased demand for a variety of goods in Europe. The development of new overseas colonies in the 16th and 17th centuries provided both new products and new markets. The influx of gold and silver from the Spanish possessions in the Western Hemisphere increased the monetarization of European national economies and provided the basis for growing demand and price inflation. The development of more effective methods of managing trade and investment heightened the impact and extent of commercialization. Emerging institutions like national banks and chartered companies provided the means for expanding commercial activities. What was in effect an AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION took place by the 17th and 18th centuries. New products like potatoes and maize from the Western Hemisphere and new farming techniques and technologies transformed old peasant agriculture, providing more food for expanding cities and growing numbers of workers who were peasants displaced by new farming methods. Processed products like refined sugar and manufactured textiles became important for the general population. Agricultural developments in this way further strengthened the commercialization of societies. The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, especially in Great Britain and France, transformed the means, methods, and concepts of production and gave i... Free Essays on New World Free Essays on New World Commercialization involved changing structures of regional and national economies as well as the growing globalization of commercial networks and their increasing domination by western European organizations and states. The growth of global trade in the 16th century was part of a transformation involving increasing importance of markets and specialized production of agricultural and manufactured goods. This commercialization of economic life had significant effects on all of society. 2 EUROPEAN TRANSFORMATION. Western Europe experienced a Commercial Revolution that had a major impact during the 16th century. Growing global contacts increased demand for a variety of goods in Europe. The development of new overseas colonies in the 16th and 17th centuries provided both new products and new markets. The influx of gold and silver from the Spanish possessions in the Western Hemisphere increased the monetarization of European national economies and provided the basis for growing demand and price inflation. The development of more effective methods of managing trade and investment heightened the impact and extent of commercialization. Emerging institutions like national banks and chartered companies provided the means for expanding commercial activities. What was in effect an AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION took place by the 17th and 18th centuries. New products like potatoes and maize from the Western Hemisphere and new farming techniques and technologies transformed old peasant agriculture, providing more food for expanding cities and growing numbers of workers who were peasants displaced by new farming methods. Processed products like refined sugar and manufactured textiles became important for the general population. Agricultural developments in this way further strengthened the commercialization of societies. The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, especially in Great Britain and France, transformed the means, methods, and concepts of production and gave i...

Facebook Privacy Whats that

Facebook Privacy Whats that I  cant even see it. In a Facebook chat with a friend of mine, we were discussing his college-aged daughter’s posts to her Facebook profile. I won’t share the details, but let’s say what she was writing could easily prevent her from being hired if a prospective employer were to see it. I commented to my friend that if his daughter ever wanted to look for a job, she had better delete all those postings. â€Å"But her profile is private,† he replied. â€Å"I can’t even see it.† As many people are aware, it has become common practice for hiring companies to view candidates’ LinkedIn and Facebook pages if they are available. This fact causes little concern for most people, since they believe they can keep their profiles, especially on Facebook, private. A private profile is safe from public scrutiny, right? Wrong. According to a Mesh Report article entitled Job Seekers Getting Asked for Facebook Passwords, nothing could be farther from the truth. In actuality, if you are a job seeker you have essentially given up your right to privacy. How employers mess with your privacy First of all, a company might use a third party application such as BeKnown that can often gain access to your profile. You would be surprised how often companies use this tactic. And job seekers might not be aware that when they log in to a company’s website using their Facebook profile, they are likely giving that company full permission to snoop. Additionally, not long ago both private companies and government agencies began requesting Facebook login information from candidates. Receiving quite a bit of pushback, some of these organizations have modified their requirement, now demanding during interviews that candidates log in to their own Facebook accounts in order to reveal what they contain. Other organizations require candidates to â€Å"friend† the hiring manager or other company figurehead so that their profile can be viewed. One job seeker interviewed by Mesh withdrew his application when asked for his login information. But as requests for social media access become more and more common, many candidates feel that they can’t afford to refuse. Privacy rights anyone? One George Washington University law professor says this practice is â€Å"an egregious privacy violation.† I tend to agree, and I am encouraged that Illinois and Maryland have legislation in the works that would make it illegal for public agencies to demand access to candidate’s social media profiles. (Police departments are some of the most active seekers of Facebook login information.) Whether or not this practice is made illegal for public agencies, it seems private companies will be able to invade candidates’ privacy all they want. If you feel strongly enough that this practice violates your rights, and if you can afford to refuse the request, go ahead. But as the practice becomes more widespread, it might become impractical to do so. Interestingly, it is against the terms of service at Facebook to share login information. But according to the Mesh Report, the Department of Justice will not be prosecuting any employers for their practices despite the fact that it is a federal crime to enter a social networking site in violation of the terms of service. What will you do about it? Perhaps the best thing job seekers can do for now is to make sure to rid their profile of any risquà ©, drunken or other unprofessional pictures; keep their posts clean and sane; and refrain from making disparaging online remarks about anyone, especially past employers. It seems the practice of coercing job applicants to reveal their social media profiles, albeit masquerading as encouraging them to â€Å"volunteer† this information, is not going away without a fight. If you are a job seeker, prepare to be asked to share- or if you can afford it, perhaps you can fight back! How do you plan to respond if a prospective employer asks you for access to your social media profiles? I’d love to hear your comments below. Category:Job SearchBy Brenda BernsteinMay 7, 2012

Write two paragraphs, each about 150 words, which present an extended Essay - 1

Write two paragraphs, each about 150 words, which present an extended definition of Jim Crow 1.0 and Jim Crow 2.0. AKA The New Jim Crow - Essay Example Under these laws, the public places or the public assets of the United States were segregated between the African Americans and the White Americans. These laws were created to promote equal treatment of the African Americans, but the public assets that were allowed to be accessed by the African Americans were quite inferior to the ones that were allocated to the White Americans. Jim Crow 2.0 is the word used to refer to a book called New Jim Crow that was authored by Michelle Alexander during the period of 2010. The book is called Jim Crow 2.0 in order to differentiate from the Jim Crow laws of 1890s which are referred to as Jim Crow 1.0. The book called Jim Crow 2.0 was authored with the purpose of informing the society that things have not changed in the American society and the African Americans are still treated almost the same way they were treated under the Jim Crow Laws. The book proposes that institutional discrimination still exists in the American society but it has taken a much subtle form. The book argues that previously laws were created to explicitly discriminate against the African Americans. Now there are no such laws, but the practices of these institutions is still the same. For example: the African American members of the American society are quite commonly labeled as criminals and due to this they have access to inferior quality of housi ng, employment opportunities and other opportunities as compared to the White Americans of the society (Cflj.org

Media Centrism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media Centrism - Essay Example Media centrism refers to the discriminatory reporting of new or past issues by the conventional journalists. It broadly entails a media position about particular social agendas that in turn reflects their support or public acceptance. Therefore, media centrism usually entails the opinionated coverage of political systems, environmental occurrences or other social issues such as diseases (Fuchs, 2011, pp. 297). Media centrism is not a new concept; journalists have perfected the art for purposes either enhancing or tarnishing the public image. Journalists or media houses give preference particular issues. The liking demonstrates the length of airtime and breadth of coverage and analysis. In most instances, media centrism manifests in the reporting of election campaigns. A journalist might decide to cover entirely an event and provide and positive description of the process. On the other hand, the media provides little coverage for an event they do not like. Media centrism also demonstr ates in reporting of gender or cultural issues. In this instance, a journalist may provide an analysis that supports or opposes the gender policies (Daniele Albertazzi, 2013, pp. 130). Media reporting should be neutral on pertinent issues. The reporting should also give the listeners or viewers the opportunity to make informed decisions. Hence, media centrism violates media laws and ethical reporting. It denies the listeners or viewers the opportunity to get real-time information. Besides, media centrism also neglects the different ideologies that people possess. Hence, the reporting in some way disregards people’s diversity and cultural viewpoints. Particular examples of media centrism include the following (Fuchs, 2011, pp. 298). British Broadcast Corporation is discriminatory reporting during the Lebanon War in 2006. Israeli authorities claimed the corporation favored Hezbollah. Hence, they refused media interviews and barred BBC news during the entire period.

Within strategic management of business, 'gap analysis' is the process Essay

Within strategic management of business, 'gap analysis' is the process of asking where are we now, where do we want to be - Essay Example At the corporate level, there are challenges from the rival companies, unpredictability of the market, dynamic consumer behaviour, etc. Moreover, political situation of the twenty-first century involves the working of complex democracies together with dynamic economic trends. The recent wave of economic slowdown has helped us to discern the importance of strategy setting and analysis in the context of corporate governance. Strategic management is thus increasingly involving an analytical approach to understand what a company actually does in relation to what it can potentially do. Executive Summary Gap analysis is the process of exploring certain questions in relation to the company’s present, potential and future performances. The paper will examine analytical instrument by interrelating it with the concepts of the strategic management of business. Strategic management and gap analysis are explained. Interrelations between the two processes are chalked out. Case examples are discussed to elucidate these interrelations. The Analytical and Strategic Approaches Introduction: The following discussion would explain and analyse gap analysis and strategic management. Discussion: In economics and business, gap analysis is a sort of tool which would help a corporation to compare its real time performance with the performance it is potentially capable of. This analytical approach is rather question answer based and from the perspective of the company, the questions are: 1. Where are we now? 2. Where do we want to be? 3. How can we get there? Gap analysis helps the company to obtain critical information so that the frontiers of production probabilities are not compromised (Cummins, 2008). The sphere of strategic management, on the other hand, deals with the principle emergent and intended initiations taken in the context of corporate governance which would involve resource allocation and utilisation, performance enhancement and adjustment with the external environ ments (Nag, Hambrick and Chen, 2007). Further, strategic management would refine the company affairs at the level of fierce corporate rivalry (Hamel and Prahalad, 1994). Summary: 1. Discussion on gap analysis 2. Discussion on strategic management Relation between Strategic Management and Gap Analysis Introduction: The following section explores that how gap analysis facilitates the implementation of the concepts of strategic management. Discussion: The main points of strategic management are: 1. Process of strategy development 2. Linking strategic capabilities with the external environment 3. Strategically designing the management, production and marketing processes 4. Optimisation of fiscal performance (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2008) Gap analysis helps the process of strategy development by finding out the difference between the company’s present and potential performances. Gap analysis thus facilitates strategic improvement of HR, R&D, logistics, etc. Gap analysis also relates to the company’s behaviour with respect to the external environment by monitoring its performance in the contemporary circumstances. Gap analysis considers all the processes and project life cycles involved in the functionary of the organisation, hence it helps to improve the management, production, marketing and fiscal activities. When the crucial question of quality control arises, benchmarking for the quest of optimal performance becomes mandatory and thus gap analysis becomes supplementary to the strategic management of business. (Camp, 1989) Gap analysis provides the company with a graphical aid that is used to communicate areas where the firm does not meet a benchmark. Process optimisation, which is a key

Perform critical analysis of images used by the media, example, Research Paper

Perform critical analysis of images used by the media, example, commercial - Research Paper Example The audience which this was based on could range from those who were only beginning to drive to individuals who were looking for upgrades for their car for either longer road trips or to drive within the city. The tone of the commercial is inclusive of two voice overs, both males. The commercial takes the tone of boys that are playing with toy cars and which are ‘pretending’ to take specific turns with the car to overcome danger, make the commercial and to present a specific viewpoint about what the car represents. The tone is also inclusive of an undertone of believing in everything that the car can do, despite the sense of make – believe which is being conducted through the two voice overs. The message that is stated is based on the spoken communication, which includes everything one wants to be in the car, ranging from the hot woman driving â€Å"super fast† to overcoming a chase to being a school teacher. The stated message then moves into the slogan of â€Å"Chevy Runs Deep’ to show that the car is for everyone. The implied message goes into the car being able to be every person who drives the car is able to achieve all of their dreams. The concept of the film and the message which is created goes into the brand meeting the mental model of consumers. The concept used through the narration is first given as a speed effect, which elevates mood. This is done with a 1 minute commercial which continuously changes speed, has fast talking men thinking about the commercial and which shows the message of how the car can allow an individual to be anything. This elevates the mood, specifically toward the end when they end the clip with the woman driver being a teacher. However, the message which is implied moves beyond this. The car goes through the scenes that are from other cars, such as driving through a desert, going on a high speed chase in the city and jumping from a building. These are known not to be realistic which makes a mockery out of the past commercials and of the competitors, showing that a car used for everyday life still has the same capacities for those who need a high – quality car. The exposure to the settings of other car commercials, as well as the implications with the fast speech and imagination which leads into reality then creates a personal connection of what it means to own a car which is needed for everyday life (Sutherland, 1). Film Techniques The techniques which are used through the film continue with adding in the persuasion of the commercial. The beginning only has the voice overs and a black scene, which then moves into â€Å"I have a great idea for the Camero commercial† followed by seeing the desert and a car in the distance. This landscape shot is followed by moving close in to the car but not distinguishing the features, which is then followed by the voice overs saying â€Å"bam! It’s super fast.† These two first shots build the curiosity of th e consumer and grab the attention of those who are watching the commercial. The curiosity and attachment to the film continues to build with a quick clip which changes into another close up of showing the car swerving through mirrors. The camera angle uses a slant instead of a straight shot to show that there is a sense of not carrying a sense of reality. This

Why do people want to work in Bloomberg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Why do people want to work in Bloomberg - Essay Example Firstly, as mentioned, due to the fact that Bloomberg is so diverse and represents so many different specializations, there are opportunities for a wide array of individuals that are interested in the many fields in which this firm covers. Rather than merely being a financial analyst’s tool, Bloomberg has a presence in fields as diverse as television and environmental sustainment. In short, Bloomberg has over 427 different publications, its television station reaches more than 310 million people, and the firm tracks over 1.1 million different indices on a daily basis (Bloomberg 1). In this way, it is easy to see how many diverse fields are covered by Bloomberg and how many different types of people with diverse backgrounds in finance, economics, business, investment, law, and an array of other majors. Similarly, as with many large multinational companies, the attraction of working for Bloomberg cannot always be discussed as a function of overall salary. Due to the name recognition and the power and strength that such a position holds with reference to a resume, many individuals are willing to sacrifice an even larger salary at a different firm in order to work for Bloomberg. Although this may seem short-sighted, this ias due to the fact that people often are of the opinion that such a resume builder will be worth it in terms of their overall long-term career

Perform critical analysis of images used by the media, example, Research Paper

Perform critical analysis of images used by the media, example, commercial - Research Paper Example The audience which this was based on could range from those who were only beginning to drive to individuals who were looking for upgrades for their car for either longer road trips or to drive within the city. The tone of the commercial is inclusive of two voice overs, both males. The commercial takes the tone of boys that are playing with toy cars and which are ‘pretending’ to take specific turns with the car to overcome danger, make the commercial and to present a specific viewpoint about what the car represents. The tone is also inclusive of an undertone of believing in everything that the car can do, despite the sense of make – believe which is being conducted through the two voice overs. The message that is stated is based on the spoken communication, which includes everything one wants to be in the car, ranging from the hot woman driving â€Å"super fast† to overcoming a chase to being a school teacher. The stated message then moves into the slogan of â€Å"Chevy Runs Deep’ to show that the car is for everyone. The implied message goes into the car being able to be every person who drives the car is able to achieve all of their dreams. The concept of the film and the message which is created goes into the brand meeting the mental model of consumers. The concept used through the narration is first given as a speed effect, which elevates mood. This is done with a 1 minute commercial which continuously changes speed, has fast talking men thinking about the commercial and which shows the message of how the car can allow an individual to be anything. This elevates the mood, specifically toward the end when they end the clip with the woman driver being a teacher. However, the message which is implied moves beyond this. The car goes through the scenes that are from other cars, such as driving through a desert, going on a high speed chase in the city and jumping from a building. These are known not to be realistic which makes a mockery out of the past commercials and of the competitors, showing that a car used for everyday life still has the same capacities for those who need a high – quality car. The exposure to the settings of other car commercials, as well as the implications with the fast speech and imagination which leads into reality then creates a personal connection of what it means to own a car which is needed for everyday life (Sutherland, 1). Film Techniques The techniques which are used through the film continue with adding in the persuasion of the commercial. The beginning only has the voice overs and a black scene, which then moves into â€Å"I have a great idea for the Camero commercial† followed by seeing the desert and a car in the distance. This landscape shot is followed by moving close in to the car but not distinguishing the features, which is then followed by the voice overs saying â€Å"bam! It’s super fast.† These two first shots build the curiosity of th e consumer and grab the attention of those who are watching the commercial. The curiosity and attachment to the film continues to build with a quick clip which changes into another close up of showing the car swerving through mirrors. The camera angle uses a slant instead of a straight shot to show that there is a sense of not carrying a sense of reality. This

Critically discuss the view that modern states, political power is Essay

Critically discuss the view that modern states, political power is concentrated in an elite group - Essay Example lated to power and political science in order to ascertain the actuality of the statement that whether political power of the modern states does actually remain concentrated in the hands of an elite group or not. The paper would also aim to critically discuss the various aspects related to the mentioned view in order to decipher the actual reality of the made statement or the perceived view and the reasons supporting it. The relevant theories in relation to power which would aid in order to affirm or contend the statement that political power is usually found to be concentrated within an elite group need to be adequately explored. The fundamental theory that needs to be discussed in this regard is the pluralist theory of power. According to this particular theory, power is perceived to be possessed by quite some form of groups present in the society and which are believed to contend with one another. It has been stated in this regard that as no specific group is known to control and rule over the other existing groups so, a ‘plurality’ with regard to the contending interest in relative to the fraction of collective individuals as well as the political parties is viewed to typify the democratic form of societies (Sociology.org, â€Å"A Level Sociology: A Resource-Based Learning Approach†). The other theory that requires to be mentioned with regard to the stated form of groups in the above mentioned ‘theory of power’ is the elite theory. This specific theory entails the notion that the existence of an uncomplicated plurality with regard to the competing groups present in the society is rather replaced by a succession of contending forms of elites. These mentioned forms of elites have been explained to be the group of powerful individuals who are considered to be competent enough to enforce their personal interests and desires on the overall society (Goertzel, â€Å"Theoretical Models in Political Sociology†). The elite theory with regard to the field of

Dating Single Parent Essay Example for Free

Dating Single Parent Essay Dating and the Single Parent is a book five star book, because Deal has done a marvelous job presenting useful steps for single parents who are divorced and is thinking of re-entering back into a dating relationship, or even remarrying. The book is divided into sections of dating to present a sequential sequence of steps to determine whether the single parent is ready, and what right decisions they need to make if they have children. The book is honest, and practical when it comes to addressing situations that every single parent goes through while trying to reenter the dating life. The book presented questions along with real life realties of dating when there are children involved in the mix. Deals admiration how the book as written from a strong biblical perspective. Deals main goal in this book is to motivate its readers to do the necessary work of a relationship building. The Appendix 2 of the book begins with a sample purity pledge. This section of the book organized activities for dating couples to involve in, such as flirtation and hugging, without having to be sexual involved with one another. Section one of the book focuses on dating with kids and dating willingness. Before an individual is ready to date the individual must have a goal in dating. Deals helps single parents determine whether or not they are ready to re-enter back into the dating world. Some single parents are single due to previous marriages that failed, which lead to divorce. Deal describes divorce as a traumatic experience. Yet some single parents never really get over the horrifying experience of divorce and remain single. But Deal has puts together a checklist to help single parents determine whether or not they are ready for the dating world Deal presents biblical principle throughout the book reminding single parents to always put God first in any relationship decision they decide to make. The part that stood out to me the most in this section was the discussion on when children are involved, how dating gets complicated. Ron Deal gives excellent advice on how to determine if kids are ready for dating, what to expect when dating a single parent, and things to consider before getting engaged, and growing the family into a step-family. Section two gives people supportive advice on right places to capture love. The section is split up into chapters labeled as â€Å"yellow light,† â€Å"red light, â€Å"and â€Å"green light.† Deal provides warning  signs that people should take into consideration when trying to date the opposite sex. Signs that single parents should take into consideration is â€Å"how will this person influence the kids?† â€Å"Is the man willing to date the person and their kids?† Last section Ron Deal provides readers with valuable guidance on marriage commitment, and step families. Deal’s has developed an interest ing perception on step-families. Throughout schooling many people have been taught that blended families were made up of step-families. But Deal argues that step-families should not be looked upon as blended families. Deal encourages single parents to take their time on dating and to trust in God for pursing a health Christian based relationship. Dating and the Single Parent Book so remarkable, because often time’s single parents suffer with trying to regain love, along with trying to find someone to accept their children. Deal offers awesome pointers to finding a relationship with kids, dating, and finding long lasting love. Discipline should always be done with love and with Gods approval, but not to make the children angry Ephesians 6:4(King James Version). Potential Use for Premarital Christian Couples The book, Dating and the Single parent does an excellent job at studying the difficult process of finding love in the center of having children and trying to date. Ron Deal does a marvelous job at citing biblical principles for single parent to follow while dating. I believe it’s unique that Deal offers biblical insight throughout the book. For example Deal refers to Christianity and faith in god when discussing learn all you can about stepfamily living. For example I’ve personally herd family members and friends say that stepfamilies are not Gods ideal for the Christian house hold. Many people believe this tale because they feel as though stepfamily ministry lessen to what God intended. I believe that Deal presents valuable content to premarital couples in the church, since church is the place where all types of families meet to hear spiritual teachings. Deal encourages couples to lean all you can about how stepfamilies function, operate best, and why they have the uni que complexities that they can do. Blended step families seems to be a growing trend in the United States of America. In fact blended families have been around since Christ created earth. Remarkable fact Jesus Christ was a part of a blended family. Remember Mary  and Joseph were in a commitment when she told Joseph she was pregnant. Mary and Joseph had not been sexually intimate when Mary told Joseph she was with child. At times Joseph thought about leaving Mary, but did not. Joseph chose to sick by his pregnant fiancà ©e, who he thought had betrayed him. Joseph was willing to go through the battle of scorn and believed in God. Joseph accepted Gods calling for him to love and care for Mary and Jesus. Ironically when you look at family dynamics point of view you can recognize that Christ, Joseph, and Mary were a blended family, a non-traditional unit. It’s very interesting to study that Christ came into the world experiencing a blended- family. In addition, Deal discusses how it is important for singles to take a good look at themselves in the mirror before trying to date again. When self is able to look, examine them they are able to piece together their motivations for dating, fears, loneliness, and unresolved hurt. In order for an individual to move forward in a healthy relationship one must be able to trust God when making future dating decisions and choices during dating process. Ron Deal teachings in his book presented challenges that face today’s modern Christian blended families. Deal presents awesome techniques to help strength relationships. Ron deal helps single parents and those who are dating understand unique family dynamics. Ron Deal help parents recognize that their families are lobed and favored by God. Critique As a future professional counselor, and friend to others, professional counselors should recommend this book to any person who is single with children, and or someone who is dating an individual who has children. Ron Deal has developed a straightforward spiritual guidebook for Christian single dating. The book Dating and the Single Parent opened up my eyes about the truths of relationship and family compatibility, by presenting scenarios to help me make decision.. It was great the way the author Ron Deal incorporated biblical teachings. Like Ron Deal teaches when a single parent is dating or thinking about remarrying someone, they should choose someone who involves setting a godly example for children and blessing them as God blessed us. Deal suggest all throughout the book for single parents whom are dating to â€Å"trust in God to manage the relationship.† Building a family after being single for so many years takes courage, perseverance,  tough skin, and determination. As mentioned earlier the bible presents many teachings of blended families, like Christ family with Joseph being Christ stepparent. I believe that Ron Deal book goes into great deal about giving guidelines for Christian families experiencing dating, and second marriages, while following biblical principles As Christian stepparents, it is important that they love children who are involved in the family unconditionally. Ministry teaches that it’s important that you don’t marginalize your step kids. It is important that the family that it is forming has some kind of respect and acceptance form one another in the family. As a new parent (step) entering the family they must submit themselves to the children with their heart. Another important principle that Deal discusses is educating oneself on stepfamilies. When single parents blend to create stepfamilies, sometimes the progress is not so successful. Many children do not want change and will become angry and frustrated with new family members. Even though remarriage is supposed to be a wonderful joy, many kids are often not as excited as parent and new stepparent. Deal has put together foundations for building a stepfamily. Deal suggests that single parent should take their time, and give everyone a chance to get to know one another and get use to the idea of marriage. Overall Dating and the Single Parent is a great read for single parents who are dating or who are thinking about entering the dating world. The book focuses on dating, and stepfamily relations. Deal sets forth approaches towards building romantic relationships on a Christian basis. References Demo, D. H., Acocl, A. C. (2006). Singlehood,marriage,and remarriage the effects of family structure and family relationships n mathers well being. Journal of Family Issues, 17(3), 338-407. doi:10.1177/019251396017003005 Sweeney, M. M. (2010). Remarriage and stepfamilies. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(3), 667-684. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00724.x